•A variety of
strategies are employed (Goodman, Greene, and Loftus, 1989)
•“Ad damnum” is
often used as anchor for award. (Zuehl, 1982). Also, expert’s
testimony.
•A “counter-anchor”
can affect the jury’s calculations. (Raitz, et al.,
1990)
•Itemized verdict
forms can reduce excessive damage awards. (Zuehl, 1982)
•Damage caps can
increase average awards by providing the jury with a high anchor