ࡱ> $!"#`!5 ēN :9 Ey;, x[M$Wu맫1,$iA$m"&Q-IT'o4:wY4n t"Bw)ҮD\H{<9u˺U]wNWw[|_J drg *>>˯أzJtEբwQuOKmu<}OWPUGM5lLc {^3RлWsoܾz.,z%uC*Go3xl\#ڹzezU&3k~W[/Fq[E"C*C;*b$\a]g<62İ,2(oUu콸x,3B?߮y<4wԼ0ϫK}]wxđ]҉#fP._}F}e 1s LSX3٦.2"q<\60m}}Nl9֯6@K/Aa TU̍l; ºȈz&=% ȧaa2R'xv-ȈzMKe$Ee LXq='{9(glW\"b|60-ڊk/ϜrE.2^IewhKv|bغJbu:y݅h*a} 9eU8[֣xP7GJa5`s,Uvu4ʒ%<:5+Fl.ɂ]yIeWd¿iU>o9a=ܻ`|[`9Ћ#[_U{Zz6- 橞30ʜ9G; vA. ~K4L"=I:u*|S! –֟30g^eL- k-t:!_ZggY@/Z|pB|5'= :L_F-}\Y*uRz(ʵ_84ф&k'=z`t6\1>[zsX'uJgZRKoOo¼ңgvA'cvK'1:?Zgufufj?6- E{B|O0MUzR{Y]mj=M^R5}UMҿz/1a諺>*tHvFKd!gʹt3Μfk Xo0(c=l`3bu=U BȦe L;%cc'N ZC :hUTz{=f\9#bDjKdlinz̘8%9jtT׻d:RlE*Me5FUMUpjLX aܴ:.zsaQ&5ғ ;t|NO~?mm'OZ -k[3̝RJ5U*2T.^Y,CUE6rƖZKKʹΔgNl3CuwtgKiשSfĸM=l.% aNxv6e$v.motv*$eƕ***#gz.motvZ'eĉ-\D_IuUFUR~-mU^ƚUMu C5+#K,O֚u͑م&{}]4~[sƸ9o7”w%u^]掹6 ͽq|33_ $PɵI _*A:{mRriBm&P (P1zo)hy??*rHP}۝oUO3߼}͛r79m@#4u-Sra˼Ga1Z  }nݬGAUjRnJa2}Md!?EW_~sT~ILh+]'V3":6zr o12-1 oNK_4H=h锹9a.˼ɼoyڳf\'3ĚK?vh"/ هQoP#94 PDkN_oqdjB( u$޳{Y\17%N{|%3"d?y>@Dj2[h^n 싲Ys愽>S7xx4`);}2=2t׾at[_iyy?o%W,~z5tuy!Ż;Go$gDž'xFIFQ;#mg?-h xn)zRѴEUl"0skb-Uf%"0"W"0[\tChzxZop9nPjcMWopwܽ32ZEj)&w>DD_D|%p >VkwiGL>UuʮŰb}d;6,5Դ=CƧsyu[i./;,n杲/^5[fzcUs,%ۈ7׷74[]`EÕ6[|ZF}v/I^U8z:cKǖ'O{Z.[|y} qf/xWّOA^s>DJ'Hη:XMH֎[Gr yEHζgtjٞΏ)&պ1w)ynF}"I).O$ُ5}"pިbnP3T^~ FyV0Ri0Vu/]n7\'n`_:A|f-ƬO^Żn<2 gf]y50؅v`V&gf-GS63+7*Ƭ3+ Wf֤£EHKHonYE#f;pϓh0+83iHfCȄY$Vk@SZG& ~`Vz:bч`Vv̚bq\ q`DJj[AHRAJ; Ice3:FH*">7*1f vYcVCƧ&5=~<ȝယ5;=}g׿*\RU>]Kx/t!n W=     0 U ,2$5 ēNc AA1? ffffo`@f8$ g4jdjdx 0,ppp@ <4BdBd@k 0tyuʚ;2Nʚ;<4!d!d@l 0@<4dddd@l 0@"h___PPT2001D<4X___PPTMac11@f   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography P    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography      |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography  0namd( Futura Medium  0namd( Futura Medium    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography  <   |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography X   |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography  ___PPT10` H\   D ,___PPT9/ 0    \L?\-11/21/2005 ,www.EPS-Consulting.comO =#Advice on Trial StrategyWhat do we know? Statistical Verdict Studies Surveys Mock Jury Experiments What can we extrapolate from what we know? Related Studies Experience with Similar Cases What do we need to study? Run our own survey, focus group or mock trialD" Z:" Z+" Z." Z" Z." ZEffEE E E*EfEfE E $E$(E(.,E,>>Information AggregationMeter Readers (Lopes, 1986, Hogarth and Einhorn, 1992) Algebraic Balancing Anchoring and Adjustment Story Tellers (Pennington and Hastie, 1991) Narrative Construction Seek Coherence More prevalentr7Z-Z,Z5Z7-,4>R="Hindsight BiasAJurors tend to treat low a probability event that actually occurs as much more likely than it is. Jurors will believe it to have been more easily anticipated and will assign greater urgency to guarding against it. Jurors often conclude that parties to a contract should have anticipated every contingency. Jurors tend to blame  the big guy, with all his fancy, high-priced lawyers. A second order effect is that the more bizarre the circumstances, the more jurors tend to believe that it must have been  somebody s fault. One strategy for overcoming hindsight bias is to argue by analogy to something familiar to jurors. c8Z8Z8Zc>6\  Lffffd G fa 2Issue Salience and Persuasion (Petty et al., 1981)63F  "Factors Affecting Jury Performance##$Give Instructions First. Improves Jury Recollection of Relevant Information (Elwork, Sales, and Alfini, 1977) Defanging Offering bad news yourself allows jurors to provide counter-arguments. Example: The  Hired Gun effect.|U hU G   >M  hDamage Calculations6A variety of strategies are employed (Goodman, Greene, and Loftus, 1989)  Ad damnum is often used as anchor for award. (Zuehl, 1982) A  counter-anchor can affect the jury s calculations. (Raitz, et al., 1990) Itemized verdict forms can reduce excessive damage awards. (Zuehl, 1982)VH=`M  IfPL&@L<Zuehl s Ad damnum Study (1982)4$ $$$  "Punitive Damages in Business Cases##C$hPunitive Damages are most common in business cases (contract, fraud, employment) according to Eisenberg, et al. The request for punitive damages tends to increase the size of the compensatory award, even if no punitive damages are awarded. When conduct is egregious and punitive damages are capped or unavailable, juries react by increasing compensatory awards^i" pGGfxG` G `4Do Juries Help Out Local Litigants? Punitive Awards 65n$$ (KAuditory and Visual Cues of Deception Zuckerman, DePaulo and Rosenthal 1981:L%$(%  (1Do jurors infer truthfulness of testimony from verbal and visual cues? Subjects saw/heard taped testimony which varied along three dimensions: Audible Speech. Visible Body. Visible Face. Some subjects only read a transcript of testimony. Z-Z3ZZGGf3ff2TAuditory and Visual Cues of Deception: Results Zuckerman, DePaulo and Rosenthal 1981.U. 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